影響輸電線路安(an)全的(de)要素(su)大(da)致能分為(wei)兩類(lei)，即日常時間堆(dui)集構(gou)成的(de)磨(mo)損老化和外部要素(su)構(gou)成的(de)突發(fa)性缺點。這(zhe)兩種要素(su)會引起缺點跳閘，間斷(duan)供電工作，嚴峻(jun)時甚至會使電網(wang)癱瘓。其間，時間堆(dui)集因(yin)子可(ke)以人(ren)為(wei)控制，失(shi)效概率極(ji)(ji)小，而雷擊、颶風、山(shan)火等外部環境氣候(hou)等要素(su)不(bu)可(ke)控，導致失(shi)效概率極(ji)(ji)高(gao)，破(po)壞力極(ji)(ji)大(da)，但并(bing)不(bu)代表我們沒辦法防范。
1、雷擊
旱季雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)氣候都會存(cun)在(zai)，具有隨機(ji)性(xing)。雷(lei)擊跳閘(zha)占輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)缺(que)點的(de)比(bi)例最大(da)，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級越(yue)低(di)，雷(lei)擊缺(que)點的(de)概率越(yue)高。閃電(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，積雨云(yun)層中的(de)電(dian)(dian)荷堆(dui)集，構成(cheng)健壯的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)，與地球帶著(zhu)的(de)許多(duo)負電(dian)(dian)荷磕碰，釋放出高能(neng)，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可高達(da)幾百(bai)萬伏(fu)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可高達(da)幾千(qian)安培(pei)。發生(sheng)的(de)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)陡度高、幅值大(da)，導(dao)致線(xian)路(lu)絕緣閃絡跳閘(zha)。在(zai)嚴(yan)峻的(de)情況(kuang)下，還(huan)會導(dao)致線(xian)路(lu)斷(duan)開和電(dian)(dian)力設備損壞。
2、颶風
颶風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候伴跟(gen)著激烈(lie)的(de)暴(bao)風(feng)雨(yu)，輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路易發(fa)生風(feng)偏(pian)、斷線(xian)、塌塔(ta)等(deng)事(shi)端。跟(gen)著電(dian)(dian)力系統中輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路規劃(hua)風(feng)速(su)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加，斷線(xian)、倒塔(ta)等(deng)事(shi)端發(fa)生的(de)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv)(lv)下降，但導線(xian)劇烈(lie)搖晃、風(feng)偏(pian)放電(dian)(dian)、漂浮(fu)物損壞等(deng)事(shi)端發(fa)生的(de)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv)(lv)較高(gao)。假設一同有暴(bao)風(feng)雨(yu)，雨(yu)水會(hui)下降空氣(qi)(qi)阻力值，導致短路，增(zeng)(zeng)加放電(dian)(dian)概(gai)(gai)率(lv)(lv)(lv)。這個(ge)進程頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)、重復持續時間(jian)長、隨機性大、崎(qi)嶇大，會(hui)引起閃絡、擊穿、跳閘等(deng)缺點(dian)。而(er)且線(xian)路跳閘后重合率(lv)(lv)(lv)低，人(ren)為動作弱，電(dian)(dian)源恢復時間(jian)長。
3、山火
高(gao)溫文人為要素(su)引起的山火使空氣長(chang)期保(bao)持(chi)高(gao)溫低(di)濕，位于輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路與大地或山區地形相線(xian)(xian)(xian)之間，穿越(yue)森林(lin)植(zhi)被。線(xian)(xian)(xian)路閃絡跳閘(zha)是(shi)因為空氣顆粒(li)熱離解的上升、帶電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的增(zeng)加、顆粒(li)運動(dong)的加速和導電(dian)(dian)通道的構成而(er)發生的，占山火跳閘(zha)的90%，也是(shi)山火跳閘(zha)的根本原因。此外，還(huan)包括高(gao)溫燒(shao)損線(xian)(xian)(xian)路絕緣、導線(xian)(xian)(xian)對鐵塔放電(dian)(dian)的情況。
4、冰災
冰(bing)(bing)災包括凍雨、霜凍、冰(bing)(bing)雪。自然環境和冷熱替換的(de)失常氣候會(hui)使輸電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路和絕緣子串結冰(bing)(bing)，增加線(xian)(xian)(xian)路和鐵塔(ta)的(de)承(cheng)載才(cai)干，增加導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)受風面(mian)積和弧(hu)垂，引起導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不穩定(ding)的(de)持續(xu)振動，嚴(yan)峻時會(hui)導(dao)致斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、倒塔(ta)等(deng)事端。
5、其他
1.輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)跨度(du)長(chang)，受(shou)大氣污染物、鹽度(du)、煙(yan)霧、塵土(tu)等影(ying)響，會導(dao)致導(dao)線(xian)表面會堆(dui)集(ji)污穢，因高壓(ya)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)周圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)較大，易發(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現(xian)象，發(fa)生(sheng)許(xu)多(duo)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)子，帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)子附著(zhu)污穢，增大帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)子的導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率，易發(fa)生(sheng)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，故對輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)要做好(hao)及時(shi)清掃作業。
2.高(gao)溫增強了導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)表面溫度，使原本高(gao)壓輸(shu)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路上的(de)熱(re)(re)量難以流失，散熱(re)(re)性差，導(dao)致(zhi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路有持續較高(gao)的(de)溫度，引起導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)弧垂增大，減小(xiao)了導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)地上、交叉跨過物(wu)間的(de)安全距離。然后發(fa)生放電，構成線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路跳閘，故可適當地增加導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)大地、導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)距離。
3.濕度，跟(gen)著(zhu)水(shui)(shui)分子(zi)增(zeng)多(duo)，附著(zhu)在線路表面(mian)，使導線周圍電(dian)(dian)荷吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)構(gou)成負離子(zi)，削弱游(you)離才干，使擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)高(gao)，部分電(dian)(dian)場增(zeng)強(qiang)，易發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)，導致電(dian)(dian)能損耗，發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)壓降。故對導線絕緣材料(liao)選取(qu)時，應留(liu)心材料(liao)的憎(zeng)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)和憎(zeng)水(shui)(shui)遷移性(xing)(xing)。
惡劣的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)氣候等(deng)要素對輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路的(de)(de)(de)破壞力(li)(li)很大(da)，會(hui)(hui)構(gou)成輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)缺點或損壞，構(gou)成停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和線路改動丟(diu)掉(diao)，影響線路工作(zuo)工況、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)才(cai)(cai)干和運(yun)送才(cai)(cai)干，間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。嚴(yan)峻時會(hui)(hui)構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷網工作(zuo)，構(gou)成巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)經濟丟(diu)掉(diao)。雖然(ran)以上(shang)要素是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)控的(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)我(wo)們(men)仍(reng)是(shi)可(ke)以通過許多方法來防范事(shi)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，運(yun)用(yong)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)最(zui)好和最(zui)根柢的(de)(de)(de)防范辦法。根據各種凌亂情況，慶豐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)YJV交(jiao)聯(lian)聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)一(yi)個很好的(de)(de)(de)選擇：YJV交(jiao)聯(lian)聚乙烯絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜具(ju)有優異才(cai)(cai)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣功用(yong)和高(gao)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度，可(ke)以在濕(shi)潤、高(gao)溫等(deng)凌亂環(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)敷設(she)。通過增加裝(zhuang)甲，還可(ke)以有用(yong)應對雷(lei)擊、颶風等(deng)惡劣氣候，進一(yi)步避免后(hou)期維護的(de)(de)(de)本錢。 | 
電線電纜